Saruhan Caravanserai
- Historic
Cappadocia is renowned not only for its natural wonders but also for its impressive historical structures from the Seljuk era. One such marvel is the Saruhan Caravanserai, located just next to Avanos. Built in 1249 during the reign of II. İzzettin Keykavu
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Saruhan Caravanserai: Cappadocia’s Historic Trading Hub
Cappadocia is renowned not only for its natural wonders but also for its impressive historical structures from the Seljuk era. One such marvel is the Saruhan Caravanserai, located just next to Avanos. Built in 1249 during the reign of II. İzzettin Keykavus, this caravanserai stands out as one of the region’s most striking structures, celebrated for both its architecture and historical significance.
Covering an area of approximately 2,000 square meters, the caravanserai is constructed from precisely cut stones dominated by earthy tones and shades of yellow. The two-toned stones placed around the doorways lend the building a distinctive character. Notably, Saruhan is the last caravanserai built by the Seljuk sultans, a feature that sets it apart from others.
Caravanserais in the Seljuk Period
Caravanserais began to be constructed in Central Asia by the Seljuks in the 10th century. Initially envisioned as fortresses for defense, they gradually evolved into resting centers along major trade routes. Along renowned routes like the Silk Road, a caravanserai was built approximately every 30–40 kilometers—equivalent to roughly a nine-hour journey by camel.
These complexes typically featured enclosed rooms arranged around a spacious courtyard, including facilities such as kitchens, small mosques, stables, farriers’ workshops, and blacksmith shops. Established as charitable foundations (waqf) by the Seljuk sultans, these caravanserais provided free lodging and meals for travelers for up to three days. This innovative system not only promoted trade but also offered a secure haven for wayfarers.
Seljuk Architecture in Anatolia
Following the Battle of Manzikert (1071), the Seljuk Turks settled in Anatolia, developing cities and erecting new structures that would leave an enduring cultural legacy. The mosques, madrasas, caravanserais, bridges, mausoleums, and baths constructed during this period remain some of the most significant contributions to Anatolia’s architectural heritage.
Key features of Seljuk architecture include mosques with slender minarets, mausoleums crowned with pyramid or conical roofs, and intricate stone carvings. The Saruhan Caravanserai exemplifies this architectural style with its geometric stone motifs and a design that is both simple and striking.
